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When you spot a great property location, the zoning laws that apply to that land are not immediately apparent—but it’s something you have to check out before you buy.
But what are zoning laws, anyway? Are there different types of zoning laws? How much do I need to worry about them when I want to buy land? What should I look for or avoid when dealing with zoning laws?
Ultimately, understanding zoning laws can save you time, money, and potential headaches as you move forward with your purchase.
This article will explain zoning laws, their impact on land use, and what to look for when buying land to ensure your plans align with local regulations.
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What are zoning laws?
Zoning laws are rules established by local governments to regulate land use and development.
These laws designate that certain areas—or zones—are to be used for specific types of activities and structures, such as:
- Residential
- Commercial
- Agricultural
- Industrial
Purpose of zoning laws
Zoning laws exist to:
- Promote organized growth within a community
- Protect property values by maintaining compatibility between land uses
- Ensure public health and safety through building standards and environmental protections
Expect zoning laws to vary by jurisdiction. Research the regulations in the area where you plan to buy land.
Types of zoning classifications
Let’s break down the major categories of zoning classifications.
Residential zoning
Residential zones are designated for housing and related uses.
Certain subcategories might be more specific, such as :
- Single-family homes
- Multifamily dwellings like apartments or duplexes
- Minimum lot sizes or building setbacks
Commercial zoning
Commercial zones permit businesses such as retail stores, offices, or restaurants.
They might also regulate parking, signage, and building height.
Agricultural zoning
Agricultural zones are intended for farming and related activities.
Restrictions to protect farmland from development may exist, but they might also allow limited residential development.
Industrial zoning
Industrial zones are used for manufacturing, warehousing, and other industrial activities.
Regulations in these zones focus on minimizing the impact of noise, pollution, and traffic on surrounding areas.
Mixed-use zoning
Mixed-use zones combine residential, commercial, and sometimes industrial uses in a single area, promoting diverse and walkable communities.
Why zoning laws matter when buying land
Ignoring zoning laws can be costly because they will directly impact how you can use your property.
Impact how? Check these out:
- Delays for variance or zone change: If the land is not zoned for your intended use, you may need to apply for a zoning change or variance, both of which can be time-consuming and expensive.
- Property value implications through compatible land use: For example, residential properties are protected from industrial developments that could lower home values.
- Environmental rules: Some zoning laws include environmental regulations to protect wetlands, floodplains, or wildlife habitats—restrictions can limit where and how you build.
What to look for in zoning laws when buying land
You don’t want to end up purchasing land you can’t use how you’d like. Here’s how to do your due diligence on researching your land and zoning laws before you sign to buy.
Verify the current zoning designation
Start by confirming the property’s current zoning classification and its permitted uses.
Contact the local planning or zoning office to obtain the property's zoning maps and detailed information.
Check for future zoning changes
Zoning laws can change over time due to community growth or shifts in planning priorities.
Research any proposed zoning changes or long-term development plans that may affect the property.
Understand zoning restrictions
Review specific restrictions within the zoning designation, including:
- Setbacks: Minimum distances required between buildings and property lines
- Height limits: Maximum allowable height for structures
- Density requirements: Limits on the number of buildings or units allowed per acre
Investigate overlays and special districts
Some areas have overlay zoning or special districts that impose additional regulations, such as historic preservation, environmental conservation, or design standards.
Consider rezoning or variances
If the property’s zoning doesn’t align with your plans, explore options for rezoning or obtaining a variance.
Keep in mind that these processes may not always be approved and can take months to complete.
How to navigate zoning laws when buying land
Navigating zoning laws can be complex, but following these steps can help you make informed decisions:
- Work with professionals: Hiring a land real estate agent, land-use attorney, or zoning consultant can provide valuable guidance and ensure you understand your property's regulations.
- Conduct due diligence: Before finalizing your purchase, thoroughly investigate the property’s zoning and potential restrictions. Request documentation from local government offices and review it carefully.
- Consult local officials: Schedule a meeting with local planning or zoning officials to discuss your plans and confirm compliance with existing regulations—they can also provide insight into future changes that may impact the property.
- Budget for compliance: If additional steps are required to meet zoning requirements—such as applying for permits, conducting environmental assessments, or installing infrastructure—factor these costs into your budget.
Financing your land purchase
Securing the right loan for your land is just as important as understanding zoning laws.
Since undeveloped land often requires specialized loans, working with an experienced lender is essential.
Lot Loans for land purchases
Land Loans are designed specifically for buying land not ready for immediate construction.
They provide flexible terms and financing options to help you purchase the property and begin planning your build.
Why MIDFLORIDA is the right choice to finance your land purchase
When buying land, having a trusted financial partner like MIDFLORIDA Credit Union can simplify the process and provide peace of mind.
With years of experience in Lot Loans and construction financing, MIDFLORIDA Credit Union understands the unique challenges of land purchases and offers solutions tailored to your goals.
As a community-focused credit union, MIDFLORIDA provides local insights and personalized support to help you navigate zoning laws and financing options.
Our efficient loan application process ensures you can secure the financing you need to confidently move forward.
Get your feet on solid ground with MIDFLORIDA
Ready to purchase land for your dream project?
MIDFLORIDA has dedicated Lot Loans that are tailor-made for purchasing land for your new home or business location.
Apply for a loan today, and let us help you take the first step toward making your vision a reality!
